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Effect of Liquid Phase Chemistry on Single‐Crystal Growth in PMN–35PT
Author(s) -
Gorzkowski Edward P.,
Watanabe Masashi,
Chan Helen M.,
Harmer Martin P.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01061.x
Subject(s) - annealing (glass) , crystal chemistry , chemistry , liquid phase , phase (matter) , saturation (graph theory) , crystal growth , surface energy , analytical chemistry (journal) , scanning electron microscope , crystallography , materials science , crystal structure , thermodynamics , metallurgy , organic chemistry , composite material , physics , mathematics , combinatorics
This study investigated the liquid phase chemistry in Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –35 mol% PbTiO 3 with excess PbO as previous studies suggested that the chemistry of the grain boundary phase may change {001} single‐crystal growth. It has been shown that the chemistry of the liquid phase was dynamic as characterized in an analytical electron microscope. In fact, MgO was found to precipitate out of the system due to the saturation of MgO in the liquid, which in turn altered the liquid/solid surface energy. By changing the surface energy of the system, the matrix grains became more faceted, i.e. the frequency of {001} surfaces increased. This reduced the driving force for growth of the single crystal, which appears to be responsible for reducing the growth rate during annealing. Additional supporting evidence came from observing the effect of varying the PbTiO 3 content.