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Sol–Gel Processing and Characterization of Phase‐Pure Lead Zirconate Titanate Nano‐Powders
Author(s) -
Faheem Yasir,
Shoaib M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01002.x
Subject(s) - materials science , lead zirconate titanate , triethanolamine , sol gel , transmission electron microscopy , chemical engineering , phase (matter) , perovskite (structure) , particle size , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , scanning electron microscope , analytical chemistry (journal) , composite material , ferroelectricity , nanotechnology , chromatography , chemistry , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , dielectric , engineering
The present research describes a modified sol–gel technique used to obtain nano‐crystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders by using triethanolamine (TEA) as a polymerizing agent. The metal ions chemically interacted with TEA in the precursor sol and gel under refluxing conditions. Drying and aging treatments led to development of a precursor–polymeric gel network. A single‐phase perovskite structure was formed at 470°C. The PZT gel and powders were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The nano‐crystalline morphology was examined by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average particle size determined from TEM was less than 15 nm.