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Effect of PbO on the Kinetics of {001} Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –35 mol% PbTiO 3 Single Crystals Grown into Fully Dense Matrices
Author(s) -
Gorzkowski Edward P.,
Chan Helen M.,
Harmer Martin P.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00833.x
Subject(s) - kinetics , annealing (glass) , materials science , crystal growth , single crystal , volume fraction , diffusion , crystallography , crystal (programming language) , grain growth , porosity , analytical chemistry (journal) , grain boundary , mineralogy , grain size , chemistry , microstructure , thermodynamics , metallurgy , composite material , chromatography , physics , quantum mechanics , computer science , programming language
The influence of excess PbO on Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –35mol% PbTiO 3 {001} single crystal growth by seeded polycrystal conversion (SPC) was studied in the range of 0–10 vol% PbO. As in previous studies, additions of PbO increased the boundary mobility significantly, thus facilitating single crystal growth via SPC. Unlike previous studies, single crystals were grown into pore‐free matrices, resulting in different crystal growth kinetics (signifying interface reaction controlled as opposed to diffusion controlled). Porosity was shown to decrease single crystal growth rates by a factor of 2. Additionally, it was found that single crystal and matrix grain growth rates are optimized at 1.5 vol% PbO, as opposed to previous work, which showed that 3 vol% PbO was fastest. Increasing PbO content beyond 1.5 vol% results in growth that is independent of liquid fraction for all annealing times. In addition, the matrix grains were faceted and the growth best‐fit parabolic kinetics so interface reaction control was deemed the most likely growth mechanism.