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Encapsulation of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) Chlorides in Composite Cements
Author(s) -
Hill Joanne,
Sharp John H.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00127.x
Subject(s) - calcium hydroxide , scanning electron microscope , tin , composite number , hydroxide , cement , ground granulated blast furnace slag , stannate , portland cement , materials science , microstructure , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , pozzolanic reaction , mineralogy , metallurgy , chemistry , inorganic chemistry , pozzolan , composite material , zinc , engineering
The hydration of two high replacement composite cements (3:1 blast furnace slag:ordinary Portland cement (BFS:OPC), and 3:1 pulverized fuel ash:OPC (PFA:OPC)) with the addition of both SnCl 2 and SnCl 4 has been investigated and the results from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are presented. Adding 5% or 1% SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O or SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O to the mix water resulted in the formation of Friedel's salt, Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 .CaCl 2 ·10H 2 O, and calcium hydroxo‐stannate CaSn(OH) 6 , which also involved the consumption of calcium hydroxide. After 90 days hydration at lower levels of addition (i.e., 1%) there was no longer evidence for CaSn(OH) 6 , indicating that it too had been consumed in the pozzolanic reaction due to the lack of calcium hydroxide present. Results from SEM and EDS showed that bright regions between the BFS or PFA grains were tin containing and they were incorporated into the hydrated cement matrix. The tin was, therefore, localized rather than spread throughout and intimately incorporated into the microstructure.