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Solubility of Silver and Palladium in BaTiO 3
Author(s) -
Shih ShaoJu,
Tuan WeiHsing
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00401.x
Subject(s) - palladium , solubility , cofiring , materials science , dielectric , diffusion , inorganic chemistry , sintering , partial pressure , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , oxygen , metallurgy , organic chemistry , catalysis , physics , optoelectronics , thermodynamics , combustion
Silver, palladium, and their alloys are frequently used as electrode materials for BaTiO 3 (BT) based dielectrics. However, the electrodes and dielectrics usually are cofired at high temperatures, and silver and palladium can dissolve into the BT during cofiring. In the present study, the solubility of silver and palladium into BT after cofiring was determined. Three measurement techniques were used to determine solubility: chemical analysis, structural analysis, and dielectric analysis. The solubility of the silver in the BT was low, 450 ppm, after cofiring at 1290°C for 2 h in air. The diffusion distance of the silver ions into the BT was >5 μm. The solubility of the palladium in the BT was even lower, 50 ppm at 1290°C, and the diffusion distance was ∼1 μm. The solubility of both the silver and the palladium in the BT decreased as the oxygen partial pressure of the sintering atmosphere decreased. These results demonstrated that both silver and palladium solutes act as acceptors for BT.