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Response‐Adaptive Randomization for Clinical Trials with Continuous Outcomes
Author(s) -
Zhang Lanju,
Rosenberger William F.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
biometrics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.298
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1541-0420
pISSN - 0006-341X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00496.x
Subject(s) - randomization , clinical trial , computer science , restricted randomization , medicine , statistics , mathematics
Summary We provide an explicit asymptotic method to evaluate the performance of different response‐adaptive randomization procedures in clinical trials with continuous outcomes. We use this method to investigate four different response‐adaptive randomization procedures. Their performance, especially in power and treatment assignment skewing to the better treatment, is thoroughly evaluated theoretically. These results are then verified by simulation. Our analysis concludes that the doubly adaptive biased coin design procedure targeting optimal allocation is the best one for practical use. We also consider the effect of delay in responses and nonstandard responses, for example, Cauchy distributed response. We illustrate our procedure by redesigning a real clinical trial.