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Laser Myocardial Revascularization Modulates Expression of Angiogenic, Neuronal, and Inflammatory Cytokines in a Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia
Author(s) -
Fuchs Shmuel,
Baffour Richard,
Vodovotz Yoram,
Shou Matie,
Stabile Eugenio,
Tio Fermin O.,
Leon Martin B.,
Kornowski Ran
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of cardiac surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1540-8191
pISSN - 0886-0440
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2001.tb01171.x
Subject(s) - medicine , myocardial ischemia , myocardial revascularization , revascularization , angiogenesis , cardiology , ischemia , inflammation , rat model , myocardial infarction
A bstract Background : Controversy exists whether transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is associated with angiogenesis or neuromodulation and whether these are time‐dependent phenomena. Accordingly, we performed a time‐course analysis of the expression of angiogenic and neuronal factors following experimental percutaneous TMR. Methods and Results : Five weeks after placing ameroid constrictors on the circumflex coronary artery, 16 pigs underwent left ventricular mapping guided TMR using Ho:YAG laser (2 J × 1 pulse) at 30 sites directed at the ischemic zones and 11 animals were ischemic controls. Histology and immunostaining were obtained at 1 and 2 weeks (4 TMR and 3 controls at each time point) and at 4 weeks (8 TMR and 5 controls) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (βNGF), substance P (SP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). Immunoreactivity was scored using a digital image analysis system. Factor VIII staining was used for blood vessel counting. Enhanced regional expression of VEGF, bFGF and MCP‐1 in the TMR group was noted at 1 and 2 weeks with a threefold increase at 4 weeks following TMR compared to controls. βNGF expression in the TMR group was enhanced at 1 and 2 weeks with subsequent decline at 4 weeks to the controls level. SP expression was not significantly different between groups at all time points. There was a twofold increase in the number of blood vessels in the TMR group at 4 weeks, which was not apparent earlier. Conclusions : These immunohistological findings suggest that cytokines expression compatible with angiogenesis and neuromodulation occurs early after TMR. Up‐regulation of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines may be more sustained than neuromodulation.