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Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation Due to Entrapment of the Anterior Leaflet of the Valve by a Permanent Pacemaker Lead: Role of Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Author(s) -
Nucifora Gaetano,
Badano Luigi P.,
Allocca Giuseppe,
Gianfagna Pasquale,
Proclemer Alessandro,
Cinello Margherita,
Fioretti Paolo M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
echocardiography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1540-8175
pISSN - 0742-2822
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00443.x
Subject(s) - entrapment , medicine , regurgitation (circulation) , cardiology , tricuspid valve , lead (geology) , surgery , geomorphology , geology
Pacemaker leads may impair tricuspid valve coaptation and they are a well‐known cause of mild tricuspid regurgitation. Occasionally, right ventricular leads worsen tricuspid regurgitation over time and patients develop late‐onset symptoms of right‐sided heart failure. The exact mechanism of this clinical entity is rarely identifiable by 2D‐echocardiography only. This case report details a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation secondary to immobilization of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve by a permanent ventricular pacing lead. The mechanism of regurgitation was clarified by real time three‐dimensional echocardiography that showed the location of the ventricular lead and its interference with the tricuspid valve.