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Idiopathic Focal Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from the Anterior Papillary Muscle in the Left Ventricle
Author(s) -
YAMADA TAKUMI,
MCELDERRY H. THOMAS,
OKADA TARO,
MURAKAMI YOSHIMASA,
INDEN YASUYA,
DOPPALAPUDI HARISH,
YOSHIDA NAOKI,
TABEREAUX PAUL B.,
ALLRED JAMES D.,
MUROHARA TOYOAKI,
KAY G. NEAL
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.193
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1540-8167
pISSN - 1045-3873
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01448.x
Subject(s) - medicine , cardiology , catheter ablation , ventricle , radiofrequency ablation , ablation , ventricular tachycardia , right bundle branch block , qrs complex , papillary muscle , sinus rhythm , electrocardiography , atrial fibrillation
Focal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) have been reported to arise from the posterior papillary muscle in the left ventricle (LV). We report a distinct subgroup of idiopathic VAs arising from the anterior papillary muscle (APM) in the LV. Methods and Results: We studied 432 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for VAs based on a focal mechanism. Six patients were identified with ventricular tachycardia (VT, n = 1) or premature ventricular contractions (PVCs, n = 5) with the earliest site of ventricular activation localized to the base (n = 3) or middle portion (n = 3) of the LV APM. No Purkinje potentials were recorded at the ablation site during sinus rhythm or the VAs. All patients had a normal baseline electrocardiogram and normal LV systolic function. The VAs exhibited a right bundle branch block (RBBB) and right inferior axis (RIA) QRS morphology in all patients. Oral verapamil and/or Na + channel blockers failed to control the VAs in 4 patients. VT was not inducible by programmed electrical stimulation in any of the patients. In 4 patients, radiofrequency current with an irrigated or conventional 8‐mm‐tip ablation catheter was required to achieve a lasting success. Two patients had recurrent PVCs after a conventional radiofrequency ablation with a 4‐mm‐tip ablation catheter had initially suppressed the arrhythmia. Conclusions: VAs may arise from the base or middle portion of the APM and are characterized by an RBBB and RIA QRS morphology and focal mechanism. Catheter ablation of APM VAs is typically challenging, and creation of a deep radiofrequency lesion may be necessary for long‐term success.