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Extraction of Transvenous Pacing and ICD Leads
Author(s) -
SMITH MACY C,
LOVE CHARLES J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
pacing and clinical electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.686
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1540-8159
pISSN - 0147-8389
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01079.x
Subject(s) - medicine , cardiac resynchronization therapy , implantable cardioverter defibrillator , cardiology , pulse generator , cardiac pacing , heart failure , intensive care medicine , electronic engineering , ejection fraction , jitter , engineering
The emergence of pacing and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator ( ICD) systems, along with expanding indications of these devices (e.g., cardiac resynchronization therapy and sudden cardiac death prevention), increasing infection rates, and device recalls have created the need for removing and upgrading these systems due to various reasons. Removing the pulse generator of a system is generally uncomplicated. Chronically implanted transvenous leads, however, adhere to the venous endothelium and endocardial tissues over time due to fibrosis. Removal of such leads can be a significantly complex procedure requiring tools and techniques that free the lead at fibrotic binding sites. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art tools and techniques that provide a systematic approach to consistently and safely extract these devices will be reviewed.