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Scaling Structure of Electrocardiographic Waveform During Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation in Swine
Author(s) -
CALLAWAY CLIFTON W.,
SHERMAN LAWRENCE D.,
SCHEATZLE MARK D.,
MENEGAZZI JAMES J.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
pacing and clinical electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.686
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1540-8159
pISSN - 0147-8389
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00799.x
Subject(s) - waveform , ventricular fibrillation , medicine , scaling , amplitude , cardiology , exponent , electrocardiography , defibrillation , sudden cardiac death , fibrillation , mathematics , physics , atrial fibrillation , optics , linguistics , philosophy , geometry , quantum mechanics , voltage
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most common arrhythmia causing sudden cardiac death. However, the likelihood of successful defibrillation declines with increasing duration of VF. Because the morphology of the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform during VF also changes with time, this study examined a new measure that describes the VF waveform and distinguishes between early and late VF. Surface ECG recordings were digitized at 200 samples/s from nine swine with induced VF. A new measure called the scaling exponent was calculated by examining the power‐law relationship between the summation of amplitudes of a 1,024‐point (5.12 second) waveform segment and the time scale of measurement. The scaling exponent is a local estimate of the fractal dimension of the ECG waveform. A consistent power‐law relationship was observed for measurement time scales of 0.005–0.040 seconds. Calculation of the scaling exponent produced similar results between subjects, and distinguished early VF (<4‐minute duration) from late VF (≥4‐minute duration). The scaling exponent was dependent on the order of the data, supporting the hypothesis that the surface ECG during VF is a deterministic rather than a random signal. The waveform of VF results from the interaction of multiple fronts of depolarization within the heart, and may be described using the tools of nonlinear dynamics. As a quantitative descriptor of waveform structure, the scaling exponent characterizes the time dependent organization of VF.