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Properties of Ultrasonically Marked Leads
Author(s) -
BREYER BRANKO,
FEREKPETRIC BOZIDAR,
CIKES IVO
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
pacing and clinical electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.686
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1540-8159
pISSN - 0147-8389
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1989.tb05051.x
Subject(s) - medicine , sensitivity (control systems) , ultrasonic sensor , lead (geology) , biomedical engineering , warning system , signal (programming language) , electronic engineering , radiology , computer science , telecommunications , programming language , geomorphology , engineering , geology
We have developed an ultrasonic marking system for pacing leads and the electrophysiological study of catheters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of our system, its usability in the measurement of performance if implanted leads, and to investigate the potential of electrical shock and ultrasonic hazard. The measurements have shown that different applications require specific electronic design, involving some compromise between accuracy and sensitivity. A higher sensitivity at the beginning 0/ the uitrasonicaJiy guided cardiac lead impiantation yields poorer accuracy. Quantitative measurements show that accuracy can be subsequently improved by reduction of sensitivity of the marking system. The transponder marking circuit is better suited for general use and the passive electronic circuit is better suited for multiple electrode electrophysiologicai studies. Experiments concerning electrical safety show that in the worst failure case, the energy of the marking system released within the heart is <10 ‐9 J per pulse within the pacing frequency spectrum and the current was below 50 microamperes. Ultrasound intensities were within the safety limits set by international and national organizations. The experiments using the marking system for detection of the pacing lead failure showed that the system can yield an early warning of the lead malfunction. The system con significantly reduce the exposure of the medical staff and the patients to x rays as well as improve patient follow‐up accuracy.