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Characteristles of Advanced Porous and Textured Surface Pacemaker Electrodes
Author(s) -
HIRSHORN MICHAEL S.,
HOLLEY LORAINE K.,
SKALSKY MICHAEL,
HOWLETT C. ROLFE,
MUSGROVE ELIZABETH
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
pacing and clinical electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.686
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1540-8159
pISSN - 0147-8389
DOI - 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1983.tb05292.x
Subject(s) - electrode , porosity , materials science , electrical impedance , composite material , biomedical engineering , medicine , chemistry , electrical engineering , engineering
Reduced stimulation thresholds, improved sensing and betler attachment have been claimed for totally porous and porous surfaced electrodes. In this study, the potential for clinical use of two new types of porous electrodes and a non‐porous, textured high microsurface area electrode, has been evaluated by comparison with equivalenf sized, smooth non‐porous controls. Eighteen sintered and seven laser drilled porous electrodes, seven non‐porous textured electrodes, and sixteen controls, were implanted singly in fhe right ventricles of sheep. Measurements of threshold, pacing, sensing and bulk impedances were taken at regular intervals for up to 180 days. At sacrifice, only three of the thirteen non‐porous confrols were attached. AU laser porous electrodes, apart from two which were dislodged, were attached, as were eieven of fifteen sintered porous, and five of seven textured non‐porous electrodes. Tissue ingrowth was found for both porous electrode types. Stimulation threshoJds were not statistically different for all electrode types (p < 0.05). Pacing and bulk impedances of the two porous and surface textured electrodes were significantly higher (p < 0.10, p < 0.05, respectively) than those of controls. The three new electrodes exhibited similar chronic sensing impedance vaJues, 30% less than equivalent non‐porous electrodes. The similar sensing performance of the porous and high microsurface area non‐porous electrodes indicates that the nature of the external surface, rather than internal porosity, determines sensing impedance. All three new electrode types showed improved attachment and sensing compared with similar smooth eJectrodes. The laser porous electrode, which permits fixation by tissue ingrowth and maintainssimplicity of construction, is promising for routine clinical use.