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Cooperation Versus Confrontation: A Comparison of Approaches to Environmental Risk Management in Japan and the United States 1
Author(s) -
Covello Vincent T.,
Kawamura Kazuhiko,
Boroush Mark,
Ikeda Saburo,
Lynes Paul F.,
Minor Michael S.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
risk analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.972
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1539-6924
pISSN - 0272-4332
DOI - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01178.x
Subject(s) - risk management , negotiation , risk analysis (engineering) , risk assessment , environmental risk assessment , business , environmental planning , environmental resource management , political science , computer science , geography , environmental science , law , computer security , finance
This paper compares approaches to environmental risk management in Japan and the United States. The paper includes an historical examination of two case studies of environmental risk management: synthetic detergents and lead in gasoline. In addition, the paper discusses several important differences between Japan and the United States, including (a) different attitudes toward separating environmental risk management from environmental risk assessment, and (b) different approaches toward environmental risk management. Specifically, the Japanese approach is based largely on a cooperative model of risk management, with a strong emphasis on negotiation and consensus‐building, while the U.S. approach is based largely on a confrontational model of risk management, with a strong emphasis on rigorous scientific analysis and open adverserial processes.