Premium
Role of the γ‐carboxyglutamic acid domain of activated factor X in the presence of calcium during inhibition by antithrombin–heparin
Author(s) -
Whinna H. C.,
Lesesky E. B.,
Monroe D. M.,
High K. A.,
Larson P. J.,
Church F. C.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of thrombosis and haemostasis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.947
H-Index - 178
eISSN - 1538-7836
pISSN - 1538-7933
DOI - 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00796.x
Subject(s) - calcium , chemistry , heparin , antithrombin , recombinant dna , biochemistry , organic chemistry , gene
Summary. Background : Factor (F)Xa has 11 γ‐carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla) residues that are involved in calcium‐dependent membrane binding. The serpin antithrombin (AT) is an important physiological regulator of FXa activity in an inhibition reaction that is enhanced by heparin. Recently, Rezaie (Rezaie AR. J Biol Chem 1998; 273 : 16824–7) showed that calcium further enhanced the heparin‐catalyzed AT inhibition of FXa by promoting ‘ternary complex’ formation, and these results showed a role for the γ‐carboxyl‐glutamate (Gla)‐domain of FXa. Objectives : In this study, we used recombinant FXa mutants to assess the role of individual Gla residues in augmenting or antagonizing the AT–heparin inhibition reaction in the presence of calcium. Results and conclusions : In the absence of heparin, AT inhibition of plasma and the recombinant FXas were essentially equivalent. Similar to plasma‐derived FXa, calcium increased about 3‐fold the inhibition rate of wild‐type recombinant FXa by AT–heparin over that in the presence of EDTA. Interestingly, three different effects were found with the recombinant FXa Gla‐mutants for AT–heparin inhibition: (i) Gla→Asp 14 and 29 were enhanced without calcium; (ii) Gla→Asp 16 and 26 were not enhanced by calcium; and (iii) Gla→Asp 19 was essentially the same as wild‐type recombinant FXa. These results support a theory that mutating individual Gla residues in FXa alters the calcium‐induced conformational changes in the Gla region and affects the antithrombin–heparin inhibition reaction.