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What Problem? Spatial Autocorrelation and Geographic Information Science
Author(s) -
Goodchild Michael F.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
geographical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.773
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1538-4632
pISSN - 0016-7363
DOI - 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2009.00769.x
Subject(s) - spatial analysis , generalization , perspective (graphical) , autocorrelation , geographic information system , spatial heterogeneity , computer science , geography , econometrics , data science , cartography , statistics , mathematics , artificial intelligence , ecology , mathematical analysis , biology
In retrospect it is the word “problem” in the title that seems most remarkable about the Cliff and Ord article. Spatial autocorrelation is indeed a problem in standard inferential statistics, which was developed to handle controlled experiments, when these methods are used to generalize from natural experiments. From the perspective of geographic information science, however, spatial dependence is a defining characteristic of geographic data that makes many of the functions of geographic information systems possible. The almost universal presence of spatial heterogeneity in such data also argues against generalization and is made explicit in the recent development of place‐based analytic techniques. The final section argues for a new approach to the teaching of quantitative methods in the environmental and social sciences that treats natural experiments, spatial dependence, and spatial heterogeneity as the norm.