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The microbiologic safety of umbilical cord blood transfusion for children with severe anemia in Mombasa, Kenya
Author(s) -
Hassall Oliver W.,
Thitiri Johnstone,
Fegan Greg,
Pole Lewa,
Mwarumba Salim,
Denje Douglas,
Wambua Kongo,
Lowe Brett,
Parry Christopher M.,
Mandaliya Kishor,
Maitland Kathryn,
Bates Imelda
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03487.x
Subject(s) - medicine , cord blood , umbilical cord , anemia , blood transfusion , immunology , odds ratio , blood culture , physiology , biology , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology
BACKGROUND: Severe anemia requiring blood transfusion is common in hospitalized young children in sub‐Saharan Africa but blood is often in short supply. Umbilical cord blood may be a useful source of blood if microbiologic safety concerns can be addressed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cord blood, donated on the labor ward at the provincial hospital in Mombasa, was cultured soon after collection (screening culture) and after a period of storage (poststorage culture). Conventional blood transfused to children at the hospital was cultured only at the time of issue (poststorage culture). Maternal sera (cord blood) and conventional blood donations were also screened for transfusion‐transmitted infection. RESULTS: At poststorage culture, the overall contamination rate of cord blood was one‐third that of conventional blood (13/449 vs. 38/434; odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15‐0.61) and for bacteria of high pathogenic potential it was half that of conventional blood (4/449 vs. 7/434; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.12‐2.18). Screening cultures were positive in 50% (2/4) of cord blood packs where an organism of high pathogenic potential was isolated at poststorage culture. Cord blood donors had a lower seroreactivity than conventional donors for human immunodeficiency virus (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.29‐1.18), hepatitis B virus (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16‐0.59), and hepatitis C virus (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.76). For syphilis, initial seroreactivity in cord blood donors was 3.8% compared to 1.8% in conventional blood donors (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15‐3.60) but was 0.5% after retesting. CONCLUSION: With respect to bacterial contamination and seroreactivity for transfusion‐transmitted infection, the safety of cord blood in Mombasa compares favorably with conventional blood. Clinical trials of cord blood transfusion are justified.