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New platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms causing maternal immunization and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Author(s) -
Peterson Julie A.,
Pechauer Shan M.,
Gitter Maria L.,
Kanack Adam,
Curtis Brian R.,
Reese Jeff,
Kamath Vasudeva M.,
McFarland Janice G,
Aster Richard H.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03428.x
Subject(s) - neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia , antigen , immunology , antibody , platelet membrane glycoprotein , serology , immunization , isoantibodies , medicine , platelet , recombinant dna , biology , pregnancy , fetus , genetics , gene
BACKGROUND: Maternal immunization against low‐frequency, platelet (PLT)‐specific antigens is being recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serologic and molecular studies were performed on PLTs and DNA from two families in which an infant was born with severe thrombocytopenia not attributable to maternal immunization against known PLT‐specific alloantigens. RESULTS: Antibodies reactive only with paternal PLTs were identified in each mother using flow cytometry and solid‐phase assays. Unique mutations encoding amino acid substitutions K164T in glycoprotein (GP)IIb (Case 1) and R622W in GPIIIa (Case 2) were identified in paternal DNA and in DNA from the affected infants. Each maternal antibody recognized recombinant GPIIb/IIIa mutated to contain the polymorphisms identified in the corresponding father. None of 100 unselected normal subjects possessed these paternal mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Severe NAIT observed in the affected infants was caused by maternal immunization against previously unrecognized, low‐frequency antigens created by amino acid substitutions in GPIIb/IIIa (α IIb /β 3 integrin). A search should be conducted for novel paternal antigens in cases of apparent NAIT not explained on the basis of maternal‐fetal incompatibility for known human PLT antigens.