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Expanded evaluation of blood donors in the United States for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non‐B subtypes and antiretroviral drug–resistant strains: 2005 through 2007
Author(s) -
Brennan Catherine A.,
Yamaguchi Julie,
Devare Sushil G.,
Foster Greg A.,
Stramer Susan L.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02767.x
Subject(s) - drug resistance , virology , genotyping , reverse transcriptase , drug , protease inhibitor (pharmacology) , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , biology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , medicine , genotype , sida , viral disease , microbiology and biotechnology , polymerase chain reaction , viral load , pharmacology , gene , antiretroviral therapy , genetics
BACKGROUND: In a previous study of 66 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected US blood donors from 1999 to 2005, HIV‐1 non‐B and antiretroviral drug–resistant strains accounted for 4.7 and 6.5% of HIV infections, respectively. This study was expanded to include an additional 11 recently acquired infections and 197 established infections collected from January 2005 through December 2007. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HIV‐infected donors were detected using FDA‐licensed assays. Drug resistance profiles for protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were determined using a genotyping system (ViroSeq, Celera Diagnostics); genetic subtype was determined by phylogenetic analysis of these sequences. RESULTS: Drug resistance profiles were obtained for 203 of 208 specimens; 9.9% had mutations that confer drug resistance. Ten showed resistance to a single drug class: nine to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) and one to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs). Eight showed two drug class resistance: five NRTI plus NNRTI, two NRTI plus protease inhibitor (PI), and one NNRTI plus PI. Two showed three drug class resistance. Non‐B strains were identified in 2.5% of donors and consisted of subtypes A1 and D, CRF02_AG, CRF43‐02G, and URF_BF. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this and the previous study show that antiretroviral drug–resistant HIV‐1 is present in 9.1% of HIV‐infected donors from 1999 through 2007; 9.3% of established infections and 6.9% of recent infections. Diverse HIV‐1 non‐B strains presently account for 3.0% of HIV infections in US donors.