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Prolonged maintenance of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate acid and adenosine triphosphate in red blood cells during storage
Author(s) -
De Korte Dirk,
Kleine Mya,
Korsten Herbert G.H.,
Verhoeven Arthur J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01689.x
Subject(s) - diphosphoglycerate , hemolysis , chemistry , adenosine triphosphate , mannitol , intracellular , cold storage , biochemistry , adenosine , guanosine , hemoglobin , medicine , biology , horticulture
BACKGROUND: Current additive solutions (ASs) for red cells (RBCs) do not maintain a constant level of critical metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate acid (2,3‐DPG) during cold storage. From the literature it is known that the intracellular pH is an important determinant of RBC metabolism. Therefore, a new, alkaline, AS was developed with the aim to allow cold storage of RBCs with stable product characteristics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood–derived RBCs (leukoreduced) were resuspended in experimental medium phosphate‐adenine‐guanosine‐glucose‐gluconate‐mannitol (PAGGG‐M; pH 8.2) with and without washing in the same medium. During cold storage several in vitro variables, such as intracellular pH, 2,3‐DPG, ATP, and hemolysis, were analyzed. RESULTS: During cold storage, RBCs resuspended in PAGGG‐M showed a constant ATP level (approx. 6 μmol/g Hb) and a very limited hemolysis (<0.2%). The 2,3‐DPG content showed an increase until Day 21 (150% of initial level), followed by a slow decrease, with at Day 35 still 100 percent of the initial level. RBCs washed in PAGGG‐M even showed a continuous increase of 2,3‐DPG during 35 days, with a maximum level of 200 percent of the initial value. The effect of PAGGG‐M appears to be related to long‐lasting effects of the initial intracellular pH shortly after production. CONCLUSION: Resuspension of RBCs in our alkaline medium PAGGG‐M resulted in a RBC unit of high quality during storage for up to at least 35 days, with 2,3‐DPG levels of higher than 10 μmol per g Hb, hemolysis of less than 0.2 percent, and ATP levels of higher than 5 μmol per g Hb.