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Evaluation of Submucosally Injected Polyethylene Glycol‐Based Hydrogel and Bovine Cross‐Linked Collagen in the Canine Urethra using Cystoscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology
Author(s) -
Sumner Julia P.,
Hardie Robert J.,
Henningson Jamie N.,
Drees Randi,
Markel Mark D.,
Bjorling Dale
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
veterinary surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.652
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1532-950X
pISSN - 0161-3499
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01005.x
Subject(s) - medicine , histopathology , cystoscopy , polyethylene glycol , peg ratio , magnetic resonance imaging , urethra , urology , pathology , nuclear medicine , radiology , chemistry , alternative medicine , organic chemistry , finance , economics
Objective To (1) investigate the tissue response to a novel urethral bulking agent, polyethylene glycol carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel ( PEG ‐ CMC ) injected submucosally in the canine urethra and (2) compare PEG ‐ CMC with bovine collagen ( BC ), the current standard for urethral bulking. Study design Experimental study. Animals Purpose‐bred female hound dogs (n = 8). Methods Standardized submucosal urethral injections of BC and PEG ‐ CMC were performed in 8 female dogs. Injection sites were evaluated by cystoscopy on days 0 (n = 8), 30 (n = 4), and 90 (n = 4), magnetic resonance imaging on days 0 (n = 8), 30 (n = 8), and 90 (n = 4) and by histopathology on days 30 (n = 4) and 90 (n = 4). Results Both PEG ‐ CMC and BC were detectable on MRI as hyperintense foci on T 2‐weighted images. Grossly, PEG ‐ CMC formed more prominent blebs than BC . On follow‐up cystoscopic examination, 6/8 PEG ‐ CMC injection needle tracts were visible, and 3 of these sites had mucosal erosions. Histopathologic scores for foreign body reaction and inflammation were significantly higher for PEG ‐ CMC compared with BC ( P < 0.005). BC elicited a lymphoplasmacytic reaction whereas PEG ‐ CMC incited a granulomatous response. Conclusions The overall physical characteristics and histologic response associated with PEG ‐ CMC support its use as a urethral bulking agent; however, the current formulation needs to be adjusted for clinical use.