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Cardiorespiratory Effects of Four Opioid‐Tranquilizer Combinations in Dogs
Author(s) -
JACOBSON JOHN D.,
McGRATH CHARLES J.,
SMITH ERIC P.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
veterinary surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.652
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1532-950X
pISSN - 0161-3499
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00488.x
Subject(s) - tranquilizer , medicine , nalbuphine , anesthesia , heart rate , acepromazine , buprenorphine , respiratory rate , cardiorespiratory fitness , blood pressure , opioid , receptor
The cardiorespiratory effects of four opioid‐tranquilizer combinations were evaluated in six dogs. The four combinations were administered to each dog in a randomized order. Buprenorphine (BUP; 0.01 mg/kg IV) or oxymorphone (OXY; 0.1 mg/kg IV) was followed in 10.4 ± 1.3 minutes by midazolam (MID; 0.3 mg/kg IV) or acepromazine (ACE; 0.05 mg/kg IV). Nalbuphine (0.16 mg/kg IV) was administered 94.1 ± 2.3 minutes after the tranquilizer was given. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) decreased significantly ( P < .05) after each combination. MAP was significantly lower with combinations using ACE. Most dogs panted after opioid administration; this was associated with increased minute volume (V M ) and decreased tidal volume (V T ). After administration of the tranquilizer, mean breathing rate and V M index (V M I) were significantly lower with ACE combinations. There were no significant changes in pH and blood gas variables after BUP‐ACE. The other three combinations were associated with significant ( P < .05) decreases in pH and increases in Paco 2 . Mean Pao 2 decreased significantly ( P < .05) with OXY combinations but not BUP combinations. Dysrhythmias (atrial or ventricular escape complexes) were seen with each combination. HR increased significantly ( P < .05) after nalbuphine in dogs receiving OXY, but not BUP. Dogs receiving OXY became more alert after nalbuphine on six of 12 occasions, whereas dogs receiving BUP became less alert on six of 12 occasions. OXY‐ACE provided the most chemical restraint/sedation and BUP‐MID provided the least.