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Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous Midazolam‐Xylazine‐Butorphanol in Dogs
Author(s) -
GROSS M. E.,
TRANQUILLI W. J.,
THURMON J. C.,
BENSON G. J.,
OLSON W. A.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
veterinary surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.652
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1532-950X
pISSN - 0161-3499
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01163.x
Subject(s) - medicine , butorphanol , anesthesia , midazolam , central venous pressure , cardiac index , xylazine , stroke volume , hemodynamics , mean arterial pressure , blood pressure , heart rate , cardiac output , pulmonary wedge pressure , vascular resistance , ketamine , sedation
The hemodynamic effects of a mixture of midazolam (1.0 mg/kg), xylazine (0.44 mg/kg), and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) were evaluated in six adult dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane for instrumentation. As the dogs returned to consciousness, baseline values were recorded and the midazolam‐xylazine‐butorphanol mixture and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (IV). Hemodynamic data were recorded 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes after injection. Mean arterial pressure (AP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), heart rate (HR), rate‐pressure product (RPP), mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) were increased significantly above baseline values. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), mean central venous pressure (CVP), and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) were decreased significantly below baseline values. When administered IV at the dosages used in this study, midazolam‐xylazine‐butorphanol‐glycopyrrolate induced profound acute alterations in several critical hemodynamic variables.