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Do Infants Show Distinct Negative Facial Expressions for Fear and Anger? Emotional Expression in 11‐Month‐Old European American, Chinese, and Japanese Infants
Author(s) -
Camras Linda A.,
Oster Harriet,
Bakeman Roger,
Meng Zhaolan,
Ujiie Tatsuo,
Campos Joseph J.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
infancy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.361
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1532-7078
pISSN - 1525-0008
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00219.x
Subject(s) - anger , psychology , facial expression , emotional expression , developmental psychology , negative emotion , expression (computer science) , social psychology , communication , computer science , programming language
Do infants show distinct negative facial expressions for different negative emotions? To address this question, European American, Chinese, and Japanese 11‐month‐olds were videotaped during procedures designed to elicit mild anger or frustration and fear. Facial behavior was coded using Baby FACS, an anatomically based scoring system. Infants' nonfacial behavior differed across procedures, suggesting that the target emotions were successfully elicited. However evidence for distinct emotion‐specific facial configurations corresponding to fear versus anger was not obtained. Although facial responses were largely similar across cultures, some differences also were observed. Results are discussed in terms of functionalist and dynamical systems approaches to emotion and emotional expression.