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Anticholinergic Medication Use and Cognitive Impairment in the Older Population: The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Author(s) -
Fox Chris,
Richardson Kathryn,
Maidment Ian D.,
Savva George M.,
Matthews Fiona E.,
Smithard David,
Coulton Simon,
Katona Cornelius,
Boustani Malaz A.,
Brayne Carol
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of the american geriatrics society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.992
H-Index - 232
eISSN - 1532-5415
pISSN - 0002-8614
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03491.x
Subject(s) - anticholinergic , medicine , cognition , confidence interval , population , cognitive decline , longitudinal study , geriatrics , gerontology , physical therapy , psychiatry , dementia , disease , environmental health , pathology
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of medications with possible and definite anticholinergic activity increases the risk of cognitive impairment and mortality in older people and whether risk is cumulative. DESIGN: A 2‐year longitudinal study of participants enrolled in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study between 1991 and 1993. SETTING: Community‐dwelling and institutionalized participants. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen thousand four participants aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline use of possible or definite anticholinergics determined according to the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale and cognition determined using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The main outcome measure was decline in the MMSE score at 2 years. RESULTS: At baseline, 47% of the population used a medication with possible anticholinergic properties, and 4% used a drug with definite anticholinergic properties. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, social class, number of nonanticholinergic medications, number of comorbid health conditions, and cognitive performance at baseline, use of medication with definite anticholinergic effects was associated with a 0.33‐point greater decline in MMSE score (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.03–0.64, P =.03) than not taking anticholinergics, whereas the use of possible anticholinergics at baseline was not associated with further decline (0.02, 95% CI=−0.14–0.11, P =.79). Two‐year mortality was greater for those taking definite (OR=1.68; 95% CI=1.30–2.16; P <.001) and possible (OR=1.56; 95% CI=1.36–1.79; P <.001) anticholinergics. CONCLUSION: The use of medications with anticholinergic activity increases the cumulative risk of cognitive impairment and mortality.