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Area‐Level Poverty Is Associated with Greater Risk of Ambulatory–Care–Sensitive Hospitalizations in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Author(s) -
Schootman Mario,
Jeffe Donna B.,
Lian Min,
Deshpande Anjali D.,
Gillanders William E.,
Aft Rebecca,
Sumner Walton
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of the american geriatrics society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.992
H-Index - 232
eISSN - 1532-5415
pISSN - 0002-8614
DOI - 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02002.x
Subject(s) - medicine , comorbidity , population , poverty , breast cancer , hazard ratio , demography , cancer registry , gerontology , cancer , confidence interval , environmental health , sociology , economics , economic growth
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of ambulatory care–sensitive hospitalizations (ACSHs) and to compare the risk of ACSH in breast cancer survivors living in high‐poverty with that of those in low‐poverty areas. DESIGN: Prospective, multilevel study. SETTING: National, population‐based 1991 to 1999 National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data linked with Medicare claims data throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Breast cancer survivors aged 66 and older. MEASUREMENTS: ACSH was classified according to diagnosis at hospitalization. The percentage of the population living below the U.S. federal poverty line was calculated at the census‐tract level. Potential confounders included demographic characteristics, comorbidity, tumor and treatment factors, and availability of medical care. RESULTS: Of 47,643 women, 13.3% had at least one ACSH. Women who lived in high‐poverty census tracts (≥30% poverty rate) were 1.5 times (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.34–1.72) as likely to have at least one ACSH after diagnosis as women who lived in low‐poverty census tracts (<10% poverty rate). After adjusting for most confounders, results remained unchanged. After adjustment for comorbidity, the hazard ratio (HR) was reduced to 1.34 (95% CI=1.18–1.52), but adjusting for all variables did not further reduce the risk of ACSH associated with poverty rate beyond adjustment for comorbidity (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.19–1.58). CONCLUSION: Elderly breast cancer survivors who lived in high‐poverty census tracts may be at increased risk of reduced posttreatment follow‐up care, preventive care, or symptom management as a result of not having adequate, timely, and high‐quality ambulatory primary care as suggested by ACSH.