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Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol on the Release of Adenocorticotropic Hormone, Corticosterone, and Proinflammatory Cytokines
Author(s) -
Kim C. Kwon,
Turnbull Andrew V.,
Lee Soon Y.,
Rivier Catherine L.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04023.x
Subject(s) - corticosterone , endocrinology , immune system , medicine , offspring , proinflammatory cytokine , prenatal stress , tumor necrosis factor alpha , lipopolysaccharide , hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis , hormone , adrenocorticotropic hormone , interleukin , pregnancy , cytokine , immunology , inflammation , biology , genetics
Prenatal alcohol exposure has been shown to produce hyperresponsiveness of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis to immune challenges. Because cytokines, which are released in response to immune challenges, are known to activate the HPA axis, this study determined whether altered release of cytokines contribute to the HPA hyperresponsiveness to immune challenges observed after prenatal alcohol exposure. Pregnant dams were exposed to alcohol vapors (6‐7 hr daily) between days 7 and 18 of gestation. At postnatal days 45 and 60, control (C) and prenatal alcohol‐exposed (E) offspring were subjected to three different types of immune challenges: injections of interleukin‐1β or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), or turpentine‐induced tissue injury. We observed the expected higher plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels in E compared with C rats, and this HPA hyperresponsiveness was greater in E females compared with E males. Plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α or interleukin‐6 responses were comparable in the C and E groups. Females exhibited significantly higher corticosterone, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 responses than males. These results indicate that (1) prenatal alcohol exposure produces HPA hyperresponsiveness to immune challenges; (2) prenatal alcohol treatment does not influence the release of cytokines to immune challenges; and (3) there are gender differences in the secretory pattern of corticosterone and cytokines to immune challenges. Therefore, these data do not support the hypothesis that cytokines play a role in the hyperresponsiveness of the HPA axis to immune challenges observed after prenatal alcohol exposure.