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Hypothesis: Prenatal Ethanol‐Induced Birth Defects and Retinoic Acid
Author(s) -
Pullarkat Raju K.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00561.x
Subject(s) - retinoic acid , retinoid , retinol , central nervous system , ethanol , teratology , tretinoin , endocrinology , biology , medicine , fetus , chemistry , biochemistry , pregnancy , vitamin , genetics , gene
A hypothesis is presented to explain the biochemical basis of ethanol‐induced birth defects. Prenatal ethanol exposure causes central nervous system and limb abnormalities in humans and in animals. Retinoic acid and didehydroretinoic acid are known to play an important role in the central nervous system and limb developments. Ethanol is known to inhibit the formation of retinoic acid from retinol and deplete hepatic retinoid levels. It is hypothesized that ethanol reduces the levels of retinoic acid in the developing embryo either by inhibiting conversion of retinol to retinoic acid and/or by depleting the level of retinol, thereby causing central nervous system and limb abnormalities.