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Lack of Prenatal Testosterone Surge in Fetal Rats Exposed to Alcohol: Alterations in Testicular Morphology and Physiology
Author(s) -
McGivern Robert F.,
Raum William J.,
Salido Eduardo,
Redei Eva
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00188.x
Subject(s) - testosterone (patch) , physiology , fetus , prenatal alcohol exposure , fetal alcohol syndrome , morphology (biology) , endocrinology , medicine , biology , andrology , alcohol , pregnancy , zoology , genetics , biochemistry
Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered a liquid alcohol diet (35% ethanol‐derived calories), a pair‐fed isocaloric diet, or dry food pellets beginning on Day 14 of gestation and continuing until parturition. Testosterone levels in male fetuses were measured on Days 17 through 20 of gestation. The normal surge of testosterone on Days 18 and 19 was present in controls, but notably absent in male fetuses exposed to alcohol. Light microscopic examination of the testes at birth revealed a reduction in the number of leydig cells in the alcohol exposed group and the presence of a large number of vacuoles in the seminiferous tubules. In vitro studies of fetal testes at 18 and 22 days of gestation revealed that this in utero alcohol exposure regimen produced a marked insensitivity to rat LH (10 ng/ml) stimulation of testosterone secretion compared to controls. The response to ethanol (160 mg/dl) in alcohol exposed testes was characterized by a long‐lasting suppression of testosterone compared to a large increase observed in control testes. No differences in anogenital distance were observed among the groups. Together, these data may explain some of the long‐term feminizing and demasculinizing effects on reproductive and nonreproductive sexually dimorphic behaviors observed in adult males prenatally exposed to alcohol.