INTRODUCTION

Department of Zoology, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) 1 n the recent years, the use of synthetic pesticides for pest management has become highly controversial. These pesticides are known to cause extensive environmental hazards as these pesticides accumulated at various concentrations in different levels of ecosystem. Also, the development of pesticide resistance in the pest is another reason of controversy. Even though the insects are exposed to an insecticide for long duration they manifest slowly, the insect not only develops resistance against the specific insecticides to which they are exposed to, but also a group of insecticides develop resistance by way of cross-resistance. To overcome these problems, attempts were made to develop alternate methods of pest control including the use of cultural practices, biological control, use of anti feedants, hormonal insecticides (IGRs), plant extracts etc. (Rathore, 1978; Kalyanasundaram and Babu,1982; Kalyanasundaram and Das, 1985; Sahayaraj and Paulraj,2001; Opender et al., 2002; Balasubramanian et al., 2008; Yankanchi and Patil, 2009).