Premium
Comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of two anticonvulsant halo derivatives of 2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxamide, an amide of a cyclic analog of valproic acid
Author(s) -
Pessah Neta,
Kaufmann Dan,
Yagen Boris,
Hen Naama,
Wlodarczyk Bogdan,
Finnell Richard H.,
Bialer Meir
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
epilepsia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.687
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1528-1167
pISSN - 0013-9580
DOI - 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02684.x
Subject(s) - anticonvulsant , pharmacology , pharmacokinetics , valproic acid , neuropathic pain , pharmacodynamics , chemistry , neurotoxicity , epilepsy , nociception , medicine , toxicity , biochemistry , psychiatry , receptor
Summary Purpose: α‐Fluoro‐2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (α‐F‐TMCD) and α‐Cl‐TMCD, are α‐halo derivatives of TMCD, the corresponding amide of a cyclopropane analog of valproic acid (VPA). This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of α‐F‐TMCD and α‐Cl‐TMCD in rodent models of epilepsy and for antiepileptic drug (AED)–induced teratogenicity. The potential of α‐F‐TMCD as an antiallodynic and antinociceptive compound was also evaluated. Methods: α‐F‐TMCD and α‐Cl‐TMCD were synthesized. α‐Cl‐TMCD anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in comparison to VPA in the mouse maximal‐electroshock‐seizure (MES), Metrazol (scMet), and 6‐Hz psychomotor‐seizure tests. Neurotoxicity was assessed by the Rotorod‐ataxia test. Induction of neural tube defects (NTDs) by α‐Cl‐TMCD and α‐F‐TMCD was evaluated after intraperitoneal administration to a mouse strain highly susceptible to VPA‐induced teratogenicity. The ability of α‐F‐TMCD to reduce pain was evaluated in the rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model for neuropathic pain and in the formalin test. α‐F‐TMCD and α‐Cl‐TMCD pharmacokinetics was evaluated following intraperitoneal (40 mg/kg) and oral (60 mg/kg) administration to rats. Results: α‐F‐TMCD and α‐Cl‐TMCD had similar potencies in the 6‐Hz test and were more potent than VPA in this model and in the scMet test. Neither induced NTDs, and both exhibited wide safety margins. α‐F‐TMCD was active in the two pain models, and was found to be equipotent to gabapentin in the SNL model (ED 50 = 37 and 32 mg/kg, respectively). Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis showed that α‐Cl‐TMCD is less susceptible to liver first‐pass effect than α‐F‐TMCD because of lower total (metabolic) clearance and liver extraction ratio. Conclusions: Based on their potent anticonvulsant activity and lack of teratogenicity, α‐F‐TMCD and α‐Cl‐TMCD have the potential for development as new antiepileptics and central nervous system (CNS) drugs.