Focal generation of paroxysmal fast runs during electrographic seizures

Summary Purpose:   A cortically generated Lennox‐Gastaut type seizure is associated with spike‐wave/poly‐spike‐wave discharges at 1.0–2.5 Hz and fast runs at 7–16 Hz. Here we studied the patterns of synchronization during runs of paroxysmal fast spikes. Methods:   Electrographic activities were recorded using multisite intracellular and field potential recordings in vivo from cats anesthetized with ketamine‐xylazine. In different experiments, the recording electrodes were located either at short distances (<1 mm) or at longer distances (up to 12 mm). The main experimental findings were tested in computational models. Results:   In the majority of cases, the onset and the offset of fast runs occurred almost simultaneously in different recording sites. The amplitude and duration of fast runs could vary by orders of magnitude. Within the fast runs, the patterns of synchronization recorded in different electrodes were as following: (1) synchronous, in phase, (2) synchronous, with phase shift, (3) patchy, repeated in phase/phase shift transitions, and (4) nonsynchronous, slightly different frequencies in different recording sites or absence of oscillatory activity in one of the recording sites; the synchronous patterns (in phase or with phase shifts) were most common. All these patterns could be recorded in the same pair of electrodes during different seizures, and they were reproduced in a computational network model. Intrinsically bursting (IB) neurons fired more spikes per cycle than any other neurons suggesting their leading role in the fast run generation. Conclusions:   Once started, the fast runs are generated locally with variable correlations between neighboring cortical foci.