Premium
Controversies in Blood‐level Monitoring: Reexamining Its Role in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Author(s) -
Glauser Tracy A.,
Pippenger C. E.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
epilepsia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.687
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1528-1167
pISSN - 0013-9580
DOI - 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02950.x
Subject(s) - epilepsy , therapeutic drug monitoring , context (archaeology) , medicine , pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , intensive care medicine , drug , pharmacology , psychiatry , paleontology , biology
Summary: This article reexamines the role of blood‐level monitoring (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the current treatment of epilepsy and identifies situations in which TDM can be useful. Basic pharmaco‐kinetic and pharmacodynamic principles are reviewed, with specific emphasis on kinetics of absorption/distribution/metabolism, elimination half‐life, time to steady state, and plasma drug concentrations. The relationship between AED intensity of effect (pharmacodynamics) and plasma concentration (pharmacokinetics) is expressed mathematically, examined in the context of the major old and new AEDs, and integrated with a historical look at the role of TDM. Situations in which TDM can be useful in the modern treatment of epilepsy are presented and discussed. For both older and newer AEDs, TDM is useful in six clinical situations: establishing “baseline” effective concentrations, evaluating potential causes for lack of efficacy, evaluating potential causes for toxicity, evaluating potential causes for loss of efficacy, judging “room to move’ or when to change AEDs, and minimizing predictable problems. TDM remains a valuable tool in the modern treatment of epilepsy. It can be selectively and appropriately utilized to help maximize seizure control and minimize side effects if levels are obtained in response to a patient‐specific pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic issue or problem.