Dialysis Reduces Portal Pressure in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C

The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in hepatic venous pressures in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The histology and laboratory data from patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent a transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) and hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement were analyzed. Portal hypertension was defined as hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥6 mm Hg. A single pathologist masked to hepatic venous pressure gradient scored liver sections for inflammation and fibrosis. The patients with high‐grade inflammation (relative risk [RR] 2.82, P  = 0.027, multivariate analysis) and late‐stage fibrosis (RR 2.81, P  = 0.022) were more likely to have a hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥6 mm Hg, while the patients on dialysis (RR 0.32, P  =  0.01) were less likely to have a hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥6 mm Hg. The patients on dialysis ( n  = 58) had an elevated serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine when compared with those who were not ( n  = 75) (47.6 ± 3.3 and 7.98 ± 0.4 vs. 25.9 ± 2.0 and 1.66 ± 0.22 mg/dL, respectively; P  < 0.001). While the hepatic venous pressure gradient increased with the rising levels of liver fibrosis in the latter group ( P  < 0.01), it did not change in the patients on dialysis ( P  = 0.41). The median hepatic venous pressure gradient was especially low in late‐stage fibrosis patients on dialysis when compared with the latter group (5 vs. 10 mm Hg, P  = 0.017). In patients on dialysis, serum transaminases were low across all levels of fibrosis. Twenty‐three of the 92 patients with early fibrosis had a hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥6 mm Hg. In patients with chronic hepatitis C, concomitant TJLB and hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement identify those who have early fibrosis and portal hypertension. Long‐term hemodialysis may reduce portal pressure in these patients.