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An Implantable Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor Array in Ketosis‐prone Rats: Closed Loop Glycemic Control
Author(s) -
Ward W. Kenneth,
Wood Michael D.,
Casey Heather M.,
Quinn Matthew J.,
Federiuk Isaac F.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.29024.x
Subject(s) - glycemic , artificial pancreas , medicine , hypoglycemia , insulin , diabetes mellitus , type 1 diabetes , endocrinology
A closed loop system of diabetes control would minimize hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. We therefore implanted and tested a subcutaneous amperometric glucose sensor array in alloxan‐diabetic rats. Each array employed four sensing units, the outputs of which were processed in real time to yield a unified signal. We utilized a gain‐scheduled insulin control algorithm which rapidly reduced insulin delivery as glucose concentration declined. Such a system was generally effective in controlling glycemia and the degree of lag between blood glucose and the sensor signal was usually 3–8 min. After prolonged implantation, this lag was sometimes longer, which led to impairment of sensor accuracy. Using a prospective two‐point calibration method, sensor accuracy and closed loop control were good. A revised algorithm yielded better glycemic control than the initial algorithm did. Future research needs to further improve calibration methods and reduce foreign body fibrosis in order to avoid a time‐related increase in lag duration.