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Artificial Oxygen Carriers as Red Blood Cell Substitutes: A Selected Review and Current Status
Author(s) -
Kim Hae Won,
Greenburg A. Gerson
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.07345.x
Subject(s) - emulsion , oxygen delivery , hemoglobin , red blood cell , oxygen , blood substitute , current (fluid) , blood circulation , chemistry , medicine , organic chemistry , biochemistry , electrical engineering , engineering , traditional medicine
Two distinct approaches are being explored in red blood cell substitute (RCS) development: hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbon‐based oxygen carriers (PFBOCs). HBOCs are based on intra‐ and/or intermolecularly “engineered” human or animal hemoglobins (Hbs), optimized for O 2 delivery and longer intravascular circulation. Some are currently being evaluated in Phase II/III clinical studies. PFBOCs are aqueous emulsions of perfluorocarbon derivatives that dissolve relatively large amounts of O 2 . A PFBOC based on a 60% (wt/vol) emulsion of perfluorooctyl bromide has been evaluated in Phase II/III clinical trials. Although current PFBOC products generally require patients to breathe O 2 enriched air, they render certain advantages since they are totally synthetic. This article provides a short review of the basic principles, approaches, and current status of RCS development. Results of preclinical and clinical studies including recent Phase II/III clinical studies are discussed.