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Electrotactile Stimulator for Artificial Proprioception
Author(s) -
Nohama Percy,
Lopes Andréa Vizzotto,
Cliquet Alberto
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02318.x
Subject(s) - envelope (radar) , waveform , pulse amplitude modulation , proprioception , amplitude , acoustics , modulation (music) , amplitude modulation , pulse (music) , imaging phantom , pulse width modulation , physics , optics , computer science , biomedical engineering , frequency modulation , detector , medicine , telecommunications , radio frequency , psychology , neuroscience , voltage , radar , quantum mechanics
With the goal of investigating artificial proprioception elicited by electrical stimulation, we have developed a tactile phi phenomenon‐based stimulator. This two‐channel microprocessed pulse amplitude modulation system generates two different envelope waveforms (triangular and elliptical) and allows programming and visualizing of its main parameters: pulse width (0.1–10 ms), pulse frequency (0.1–10 kHz), modulation frequency (0.3–10 Hz), current intensity (up to 20 mA), and the amplitude modulation index (0–100%). In vivo experiments with 5 normal persons have shown that it is possible to elicit a moving fused phantom image with good resolution. A triangular envelope is good for straight line sensations while the elliptical one is more comfortable and has better resolution for all kinds of moving images.