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Thoughts and Progress: Electromotive Administration of a New Morphine Formulation: Morphine Citrate
Author(s) -
Stephen Robert,
Miotti Danilo,
Bettaglio Raffaella,
Rossi Cino,
Bonezzi Cesare
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02233.x
Subject(s) - iontophoresis , morphine , sodium citrate , pharmacology , chemistry , electromotive force , sodium , drug administration , medicine , physics , organic chemistry , pathology , quantum mechanics , radiology
Two formulations of morphine citrate were synthesized: trimorphine citrate, 3(MH)+(C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 3– and morphine sodium citrate, 3(MH)+ 3Na+2(C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 3– . Four healthy individuals volunteered to undergo electromotive administration of the two formulations. Application of electric current (2 mA) to solutions of trimorphine citrate for 1 h resulted in iontophoretic transcutaneous administration of therapeutic quantities of morphine, without deleterious reduction in the pH of the drug solutions. Application of a 2–mA current to solutions of morphine sodium citrate for 2 h resulted in combined iontophoretic and electrophoretic delivery of morphine with increased administration rates and an improved buffering capacity of the drug solutions.