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Reviews : Recognition, Treatment, and Prevention of Propylene Glycol Toxicity
Author(s) -
Zar Tausif,
Graeber Charles,
Perazella Mark A.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
seminars in dialysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1525-139X
pISSN - 0894-0959
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00280.x
Subject(s) - medicine , toxicity , metabolic acidosis , lactic acidosis , sepsis , limiting , antidote , acute toxicity , acidosis , polyvinyl alcohol , pharmacology , intensive care medicine , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , mechanical engineering
Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although it is considered safe, large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. Underlying renal insufficiency and hepatic dysfunction raise risk for toxicity. Toxic effects include hyperosmolality, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis (due to lactic acidosis), acute kidney injury, and sepsis‐like syndrome. Treatment of toxicity includes hemodialysis to effectively remove propylene glycol. Prevention is best achieved by limiting the dose of propylene glycol infused.