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Orthopyroxene‐bearing, mafic migmatites at Cone Peak, California: evidence for the formation of migmatitic granulites by anatexis in an open system
Author(s) -
HANSEN E.,
STUK M.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal of metamorphic geology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.639
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1525-1314
pISSN - 0263-4929
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00148.x
Subject(s) - geology , biotite , geochemistry , migmatite , granulite , anatexis , hornblende , mafic , metamorphism , partial melting , grossular , facies , metamorphic rock , petrology , gneiss , geomorphology , mantle (geology) , paleontology , quartz , structural basin
Abstract Orthopyroxene‐bearing migmatites, exposed at the summit of Cone Peak in the Santa Lucia Range, California, offer an opportunity to explore potential links between granulite facies metamorphism and migmatite formation. Geothermobarometry indicates that the metamorphic temperatures and pressures were in the approximate ranges of 700–750° C and 7.0–7.5 kbar. The rocks at the summit comprise three domains: relatively coarse‐grained, leucocratic veins; relatively fine‐grained, biotite‐enriched zones at the margins of the veins; and a biotite–hornblende‐bearing host rock. Orthopyroxene is concentrated in the veins, which have also the highest ratio of anhydrous to hydrous minerals of the three rock types. The composition of the veins, together with their textures and modes, suggest that they formed through anatexis involving a dehydration‐melting reaction which consumed hornblende and produced orthopyroxene. Variability in mineralogy and composition indicates that there was some local migration of magma along the veins before their final solidification. The biotite‐enriched zones formed either by the concentration of residual biotite at the margins of the vein, or through the metasomatic conversion of hornblende (and/or pyroxene) to biotite, or by a combination of the two processes. Significant differences in the chemistry of the neosome (vein + biotite‐enriched zone) and the host rock rule out simple dehydration melting in a local closed system. The model that explains best the mineralogical and chemical patterns involves triggering of melting by an influx of a low‐ a H2O mixed fluid which added K and Si to and removed Ca from the neosome.