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Cordierite‐bearing schists and gneisses from Timor, eastern Indonesia: P‐T conditions of metamorphism and tectonic implications
Author(s) -
BROWN MICHAEL,
EARLE MICHAEL M.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
journal of metamorphic geology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.639
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1525-1314
pISSN - 0263-4929
DOI - 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1983.tb00271.x
Subject(s) - sillimanite , geology , geochemistry , kyanite , gneiss , metamorphism , schist , cordierite , metamorphic rock , biotite , quartz , chemistry , paleontology , biochemistry , catalysis
In the Boi Massif of Western Timor the Mutis Complex, which is equivalent to the Lolotoi Complex of East Timor, is composed of two lithostratigraphical components: various basement schists and gneisses; and the dismembered remnants of an ophiolite. Cordierite‐bearing pelitic schists and gneisses carry an early mineral assemblage of biotite + garnet + plagioclase + Al‐silicate, but contain no prograde muscovite; sillimanite occurs in a textural mode which suggests that it replaced and pseudomorphed kyanite at an early stage and some specimens of pelitic schist contain tiny kyanite relics in plagioclase. Textural relations between, and mineral chemistries of, ferro‐magnesian phases in these pelitic chists and gneisses suggest that two discontinuous reactions and additional continuous compositional changes have been overstepped, possibly with concomitant anatexis, as a result of decrease in P load during high temperature metamorphism. The simplified reactions are: garnet and/or biotite + sillimanite + quartz + cordierite + hercynite + ilmenite + excess components. P‐T conditions during the development of the early mineral assemblage in the pelitic gneisses are estimated to have been P + 10 kbar and T > 750°C, based upon the plagioclase‐garnet‐Al‐silicate‐quartz geobarometer and the garnet‐biotite geothermometer. P‐T conditions during the subsequent development of cordierite‐bearing mineral assemblages in the pelitic gneisses are estimated to have been P + 5 kbar and T + 700°C with X H2O < 0.5, based upon the Fe content of cordierite occurring in the assemblage quartz + plagioclase + sillimanite + biotite + garnet + cordierite coexisting with melt. Final equilibration between some of the phases suggests that conditions dropped to P > 2.3 kbar and T > 600°C. A similar exhumation P‐T path is suggested for the pelitic schists with early metamorphic conditions of P > 6.2 kbar and T > 745°C and subsequent development of cordierite under conditions in the range P = 3‐4 kbar and T = 600‐700°C. The tectonic implications of these P‐T estimates are discussed and it is concluded that the P‐T path followed by these rocks was caused by decompression during rifting and synmetamorphic ophiolite emplacement resulting from processes during the initiation and development of a convergent plate junction located in Southeast Asia during late Jurassic to Cretaceous time.