Open AccessBlood Pressure Circadian Rhythm and Endothelial Function in Heavy Smokers: Acute Effects of Transdermal Nicotine
Author(s) -
YugarToledo Juan Carlos,
FerreiraMelo Sílvia Elaine,
Sabha Maricene,
Nogueira Eduardo Arantes,
Coelho Otávio Rizzi,
Marciano Consolin Fernanda, Colombo,
Irigoyen Maria Claudia,
Moreno Heitor
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the journal of clinical hypertension
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.909
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1751-7176
pISSN - 1524-6175
DOI - 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2005.04597.x
Subject(s) - medicine , morning , nicotine , circadian rhythm , blood pressure , nicotine patch , heart rate , brachial artery , anesthesia , placebo , ambulatory blood pressure , cardiology , vasodilation , nicotine replacement therapy , alternative medicine , pathology
Nicotine replacement therapy appears to be safe when used by healthy patients to aid in smoking cessation; however, the immediate acute effects of nicotine replacement therapy on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function in heavy smokers are not well understood. Twenty‐six heavy smokers were requested to stop smoking for 48 hours. BP and heart rate were recorded over 48 hours by ambulatory BP monitoring, with beat‐to‐beat changes being monitored for the first 10 hours by a noninvasive finger device. The reactivity of the brachial artery was evaluated using flow‐mediated dilation immediately after smoking cessation, before the application of a 21‐mg nicotine patch or placebo patch, and 24 hours after patch placement. Transdermal nicotine caused a mild but significant elevation in BP in the early morning in 21 of 26 volunteers. The decrease in nocturnal BP was attenuated in patients with the nicotine patch compared with the placebo patch; this was associated with impaired endothelium‐dependent vasodilation.