Open AccessGynecomastia and Hypertension
Author(s) -
Prisant L. Michael,
Chin Edward
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the journal of clinical hypertension
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.909
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1751-7176
pISSN - 1524-6175
DOI - 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2005.04105.x
Subject(s) - gynecomastia , medicine , spironolactone , secondary hypertension , endocrinology , breast enlargement , urology , aldosterone , surgery , blood pressure
Palpable dense and mobile subareolar tissue in the male breast defines the presence of gynecomastia. For the hypertension specialist, breast enlargement in men provides a clue to a secondary cause of hypertension or an adverse antihypertensive drug reaction. Hyperthyroidism, chronic renal failure, adrenal hyperplasia or tumors, amphetamine, cyclosporine, and anabolic steroids are secondary causes of hypertension associated with gynecomastia. Reserpine, methyldopa, and spironolactone are older drugs associated with gynecomastia; however, calcium antagonists (more commonly), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and α 1 blockers may also be associated with this finding. Treatment is directed to removal of the underlying cause.