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Independent Predictors for Lifetime and Recent Substance Use Disorders in Patients with Rapid‐Cycling Bipolar Disorder: Focus on Anxiety Disorders
Author(s) -
Gao Keming,
Chan Philip K.,
Verduin Marcia L.,
Kemp David E.,
Tolliver Bryan K.,
Ganocy Stephen J.,
Bilali Sarah,
Brady Kathleen T.,
Findling Robert L.,
Calabrese Joseph R.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the american journal on addictions
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.997
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1521-0391
pISSN - 1055-0496
DOI - 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00060.x
Subject(s) - generalized anxiety disorder , bipolar disorder , anxiety , hypomania , mania , psychiatry , mood , psychology , substance dependence , logistic regression , clinical psychology , mood disorders , alcohol dependence , anxiety disorder , substance abuse , alcohol use disorder , medicine , alcohol , biochemistry , chemistry
We set out to study independent predictor(s) for lifetime and recent substance use disorders (SUDs) in patients with rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD). Extensive Clinical Interview and Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to ascertain DSM‐IV Axis I diagnoses of RCBD, anxiety disorders, and SUDs. Data from patients enrolling into four similar clinical trials were used. Where appropriate, univariate analyses with t‐test or chi‐square were applied. Stepwise logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among predictor variables and lifetime and recent SUDs. Univariate analysis showed that patients with co‐occurring anxiety disorders (n = 261) had significantly increased rates of lifetime (odds ratio [OR]= 2.1) and recent (OR = 1.9) alcohol dependence as well as lifetime (OR = 3.4) and recent (OR = 2.5) marijuana dependence compared to those without co‐occurring anxiety disorder (n = 303). In logistic regression analyses, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with increased risk for lifetime SUDs (OR = 2.34), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.73), and marijuana dependence (OR = 3.36) and recent marijuana dependence (OR = 3.28). A history of physical abuse was associated with increased risk for lifetime SUDs (OR = 1.71) and recent marijuana dependence (OR = 3.47). Earlier onset of first mania/hypomania was associated with increased risk for lifetime SUDs (5% per year), and recent marijuana dependence (12% per year) and later treatment with a mood stabilizer were also associated with increased risk for recent SUDs (8% per year). Positive associations between GAD, later treatment with a mood stabilizer, and early childhood trauma and history of SUDs suggest that adequate treatment of comorbid anxiety, early treatment with a mood stabilizer, and prevention of childhood trauma may reduce the risk for the development of SUDs in patients with bipolar disorder. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1–10)