Open AccessThe Skógar Tephra, a Younger Dryas marker in North Iceland
Author(s) -
NORDDAHL HREGGVIDUR,
HAFLIDASON HAFLIDI
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
boreas
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1502-3885
pISSN - 0300-9483
DOI - 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1992.tb00010.x
Subject(s) - tephra , geology , younger dryas , preboreal , deglaciation , glacier , volcano , rhyolite , paleontology , tephrochronology , pleistocene , glacial period , physical geography , volcanic rock , geography
A composite stratigraphical sequence, the Fnjóskadalur Sequence, reveals ten cycles of glacier advances and formation of ice‐dammed lakes in Fnjóskadalur in central North Iceland. Chemical analyses of the Skógar Tephra, with its type locality in this valley, have enabled a correlation with Ash zone I in deep sea sediments of the North Atlantic and with the Vedde Ash Bed on land in western Norway, where it is dated to 10,600 BP. The Skógar Tephra is composed of two layers, a basaltic tephra (STP‐1) and a rhyolitic tephra (STP‐2) erupted almost simultaneously from two different Icelandic volcanoes. The STP‐1 tephra originates from the Katla volcano in South Iceland, and the öræfajökull volcano in Southeast Iceland is considered a plausible source of the STP‐2 tephra. This new dating of the Skógar Tephra puts the three youngest glacier advances of the Fnjóskadalur Sequence within a 1000 year period between 10,600 and 9650 BP. The redated Late Weichselian glacial history now extracted from the Fnjóskadalur Sequence shows that glaciers in North Iceland were more extended in Younger Dryas and Preboreal times than previously assumed. This fits with the revised deglaciation pattern which has evolved in recent years.