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Regional Anticoagulation with Sodium Citrate in Pediatric Patients on Intermittent Hemodialysis Therapy with Bleeding Risks
Author(s) -
Kreuzer M.,
Vester U.,
Hörning A.,
Bonzel KE.,
Hoyer P.F.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
hemodialysis international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.658
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1542-4758
pISSN - 1492-7535
DOI - 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2004.0085ca.x
Subject(s) - medicine , hemodialysis , anesthesia , surgery , hemodialysis catheter , catheter , renal replacement therapy , extracorporeal
Heparin‐free anticoagulation in hemodialysis (HD) is advocated for patients with clotting abnormalities and risk of bleeding. Objective: First publication on regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in children. RCA is free from systemic effects, guarantees excellent dialyzer life, but requires careful monitoring. Methods: We report on 3 patients treated by intermittent RCA HD (4 h each, high‐flux dialyzer F40, Fresenius): (1) 17‐year‐old boy (renal transplant failure, access via cubital Cimino fistula) after hypertensive intra‐cerebral hemorrhage (2 sessions); (2) 13‐year‐old girl (hemolytic uremic syndrome, access via jugular vein Shaldon catheter) after abdominal surgery and bleeding (8 sessions); and (3) 7‐year‐old boy (hyperoxaluria, access via PermCath ® jugular vein catheter) after renal transplant biopsy (3 sessions). Sodium citrate 30% was infused into the extra corporeal circuit (blood flow 150 mL/min) before dialyzer (initial flow 30 mL/min) and calcium gluconate 10% for antidote into venous line near of catheter or fistula (initial flow 40 mL/min). Post‐dialyzer extracorporeal serum Ca ++ (aim < 0.3 mmol/L) and pre‐dialyzer intra‐corporeal Ca ++ (aim > 0.9) were measured for every 30 min. Serum Na + , K + , base excess (BE), blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood out‐flow and in‐flow pressure were also monitored. Results: For adequate RCA (mean extracorporeal serum Ca ++ 0.24 ± 0.04 mmol/L), a mean citrate flow of 36.1 ± 5.9 mL/h and a mean calcium substitution rate of 40.8 ± 3.4 mL/h were needed. Intra‐corporeal Ca ++ was kept at 1.10 ± 0.07 mmol/L. Extracorporeal activated clotting time (ACT) was 194 ± 41 and intra‐corporeal ACT 90 ± 12 sec. Serum Na + , K + , and BE during HD were 138 ± 2, 3.5 ± 0.3, and −0.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressures of patients 1–3 were 117 ± 5, 103 ± 5, and 102 ± 6 mmHg. All patients were stable and without any bleeding during HD. The only adverse event was 1 episode of hypocalcemia (Ca ++ < 0.6 mmol/L) cured by stopping dialysis. Conclusions: Local anticoagulation with sodium citrate during intermittent HD can be applied safely in children and adolescents.