Open AccessSpectrum of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (overlap between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and other parasomnias)
Author(s) -
Schenck Carlos H,
Howell Michael J
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
sleep and biological rhythms
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 30
eISSN - 1479-8425
pISSN - 1446-9235
DOI - 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00548.x
Subject(s) - parasomnia , non rapid eye movement sleep , sleepwalking , rem sleep behavior disorder , rapid eye movement sleep , psychology , polysomnography , slow wave sleep , eye movement , sleep spindle , sleep stages , sleep disorder , medicine , audiology , psychiatry , neuroscience , insomnia , electroencephalography
Parasomnia Overlap Disorder (POD) was described and named in 1997 with a series of 33 cases of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) combined with a disorder of arousal from non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (sleepwalking, sleep terrors) that emerged idiopathically or symptomatically with neurological and other disorders. POD is a subtype of RBD in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders Diagnostic and Coding Manual , second edition (ICSD‐2). An updated classification of POD also includes subclinical RBD‐NREM parasomnia, RBD‐sleep‐related eating disorder, RBD‐sexsomnia, RBD‐rhythmic movement disorder, and status dissociatus (SD), which is another subtype of RBD in the ICSD‐2. Similar to POD, a core feature of SD is sleep motor‐behavioral dyscontrol, with release of dream‐related behaviors suggestive of RBD, but with nearly continuous ambiguous polygraphic sleep precluding the identification of NREM/REM sleep states. SD exemplifies extreme state dissociation. SD is always a symptomatic disorder, and is causally associated with a broad range of neurologic disorders, often with thalamic, limbic, striatal, and pontine involvement. The parasomnia behaviors associated with POD and SD – typical RBD behaviors – can often be controlled with bedtime clonazepam therapy, including the abnormal dreaming.