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Modelling the likelihood of levator avulsion in a urogynaecological population
Author(s) -
DIETZ H. P.,
KIRBY A.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
australian and new zealand journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.734
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1479-828X
pISSN - 0004-8666
DOI - 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2010.01157.x
Subject(s) - medicine , avulsion , avulsion injury , childbirth , logistic regression , vaginal delivery , obstetrics , stress incontinence , levator ani , population , grading (engineering) , pelvic floor , gynecology , surgery , urinary incontinence , pregnancy , civil engineering , environmental health , biology , engineering , genetics
Background: Avulsion of the puborectalis muscle is a consequence of vaginal childbirth and associated with female pelvic organ prolapse. It can be palpated, although diagnosis by imaging seems more reliable. Aims: To define the prior probability of avulsion based on history and gynaecological examination, in order to facilitate clinical diagnosis. Methods: Over 3 years, 983 women had been assessed by 3D ultrasound at a tertiary urogynaecological unit. We analysed our database for predictors of puborectalis avulsion and designed a simplified predictive model with the help of backwards stepwise logistic regression. Results: The following factors were strongly associated with the diagnosis of avulsion: age at first vaginal delivery, no stress incontinence, vaginal operative delivery, prolapse symptoms, cystocele, uterine prolapse, minimum Oxford grading of muscle strength and side differences in Oxford grading (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression produced a model that had an adjusted r 2 of 37.2%, predicting 81% of cases correctly. Conclusions: This study was undertaken to define the ‘typical’ patient suffering from avulsion of the puborectalis muscle, a common childbirth‐related injury. Levator defects are most likely in women who had their first child by vaginal operative delivery over the age of 30 years, presenting with symptoms of prolapse without stress incontinence.