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Afterchrome dyeing of wool. Part A — chromium in the effluent, analytical determination and characterisation of influencing factors
Author(s) -
Thomas H,
Kaufmann R,
Peters R,
Höcker H,
Lipp M,
Goschnick J,
Ache H J
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of the society of dyers and colourists
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.297
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1478-4408
pISSN - 0037-9859
DOI - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1992.tb01437.x
Subject(s) - dyeing , wool , effluent , chromium , pulp and paper industry , chemistry , environmental science , environmental chemistry , materials science , metallurgy , engineering , composite material , environmental engineering , organic chemistry
As a consequence of increasing legal restrictions on the concentration of chromium in industrial discharges, afterchrome dyeing of wool has been re‐evaluated. Special regard was given to the distribution of trivalent and hexavalent chromium species in the individual process stages (chroming, rinsing and ammonia aftertreatment baths) of afterchrome dyeing. Recommendations are outlined to give minimum chrome residues in the effluent and to avoid the distribution of the toxic hexavalent chromium species into the environment. The effiency of the thiosulphate procedure is doubtful for improving the exhaustion of total chromium. Subsequent alkaline treatments of chrome‐dyed wool lead to a desorption of chromium compounds that are probably fibre‐bonded chromium—tetrathionate (sodium thiosulphate) complexes.