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Wet and Dry Boundaries on Cellulosic Textiles and their Influence on Dyes and Dyeing–II
Author(s) -
FOX M. R.
Publication year - 1965
Publication title -
journal of the society of dyers and colourists
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.297
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1478-4408
pISSN - 0037-9859
DOI - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1965.tb02642.x
Subject(s) - dyeing , cellulosic ethanol , pulp and paper industry , polymer science , chemistry , polymer chemistry , materials science , composite material , cellulose , organic chemistry , engineering
In Part I ( I ), previous studies of the formation of brown evaporation marks on cellulosic textiles were discussed. Experimental work is now described which relates to the dyeing of cellulosic textiles with ( a ) reactive, ( b ) direct, ( c ) vat and azoic, and ( d ) phthalocyanine dyes. The colour reactions produced at wet–dry boundaries are interpreted in terms of the initial formation of the free dye–acid, apparent local loss of effective sodium ions, and subsequent reduction of the dye; the cellulose in the boundary area is physically and chemically modified. Reaction is not confined to dyes covalently linked with cellulose. The presence of sulphonic acid groups can be a significant factor in the course of reactions at the boundary; non–sulphonated dyes, although capable of undergoing colour changes at the time, do not give rise to discharge effects or fibre re–wetting problems. On the basis of this work a tentative explanation of the tendering of cotton by Sulphur Black is advanced. Experiments on the dyeing of cotton suggest that these could lead to a better understanding of listing problems in jig dyeing.